Adil Najam’s post on judicial assertiveness the other day sheds light on a very interesting - and important - aspect of the current judicial crisis in Pakistan. What are the limits of Judicial activism or - to use Adil’s words - assertiveness?
This is not something new to the world - or even to Pakistan’s history. Every country that has attempted to establish rule of law and constitution has struggled with trying to find a balance between what can (and cannot) a judge do.
In America, where constitutionalism is much more advanced than in Pakistan, the debate has moved to a higher plane in the famous tussle between those who believe in strictly interpretting the constitution and those that only appear to do so. Each side claims that it is interpretting the constitution (or interpretting the original intent of the framers) and accuses the other of legislating from the bench.
We, in Pakistan, have been merely struggling with how to keep the rule of law and constitution alive in our country. Is it really the role of the judiciary to enforce a constitution? Can the judiciary do that even in the absence a popular sentiment towards the constitution? In a situation where an Army general takes over power in an illegal coup, abrogates the constitution and declares martial law, and nobody - but a few ‘professional’ politicians in a nation of 150 million - even makes a sound of protest, what does upholding the constitution really mean? Does that nation even have a constitution to begin with? or is it merely a paper, worthy of celebrating when it suits a few and disposing off when it does’nt?
The current crisis around the suspension of the Chief Justice has everything to do with how Pakistan’s rulers - and its people - view their constitution? One does not need to go too far back in time to find out that we’ve been through this before - several times, perhaps. In the famous Maulvi Tamizuddin Khan vs. The Federation of Pakistan case, the petitioner challenged the unconstitutional dissolution of Pakistan’s First Constituent Assembly by Governor General Ghulam Mohammad (photo to the right). The then Chief Justice of Pakistan, Justice Mohammad Munir gave a landmark verdict that changed the course of Pakistan’s History - perhaps forever.
Prior to his verdict and also subsequent to that, Justice Munir noted that the issue before the court was not merely a legal issue, it was in fact a political one. He suggested that such issues may be best resolved in the political sphere through negotiation and compromise. In saying so, Justice Munir was especially concerned about the inability of the Court to enforce a decision. The court, he noted, does not have any instrument of power to enforce its ruling if it decides to side with the petitioner (Maulvi Tamizuddin Khan). Indeed, the government - with all the instruments of power at its disposal - can easily ignore the court’s ruling thus putting the case back to where it belonged - in the domain of the people and their representatives. Of course, Justice Munir, knowing fully that an anti-government ruling would be entirely ignored, ultimately sided with the Government thus throwing the country into its worst constitutional crisis since its creation. The country has never forgiven him for doing so.
Photo to the left above is Pakistan’s old Supreme Court Building in Karachi. This is where hearings of famous Maulvi Tamizuddin Khan case took place.
Could this happen all over again? Could the Honourable Justices of the Supreme Court be engaging in a game of deception until they could unexpectedly (willingly or at a gun-point) rule in the favor of the Government? Alternatively, would Musharraf & Co. obey the dictates of the Court if the court decided, against their wishes, to reinstall the Chief Justice Iftikhar Chaudhary? It might be worth recalling here that the Governor General Ghulam Mohammad was willing to let the courts have their say as long as they ruled in his favor. He had also completed all preparations for imposing emergency in the country, had the courts ruled otherwise.
What would be the options available to the people of Pakistan - not the CJP, not the Justices, not the lawyers, and not the “professional” politicians - but you and me to force our rulers to revert to the rule of law and constitution?
Ultimately, it is a political battle that will have to be won not in the courts but in the hearts and minds of people who must assert that they prefer the rule of law and constitution over any other form of government, whether it is monarchy, mill-archy, or anarchy. Politics is just too important a calling to be left to judges, lawyers, and politicians alone. Unless the people firmly and forcefully assert their right to be governed, with their consent, by a constitutional government, the current politico-constitutional struggle will not be won. The stakes are definitely high - atleast for the Government since losing thisbattle could trigger a domino that could bring down, one after the other, every pillar of its illegitimate and unconstitutional rule. Are the stakes high enough for the People of Pakistan? We will find out in a few weeks - perhaps months - time.
Regardless of which way the pendulum swings, the current case in the Supreme Court is definitely amounts to a Constitutional Deja Vu all over again!
Athar Osama holds a PhD in Public Policy and is a amateur historian and an avid reader of Pakistan’s Political and Constitutional History. He is also the founder of the Understanding Pakistan Project. You can read more about Maulvi Tamizuddin Khan vs. Federation of Pakistan, and the shocking ruling by Justice Munir at Understanding Pakistan.
Ch. Iftikhar Hussain Chaudhary has been reinstated as the Chief Justice of Pakistan by the Supreme Court. Congratultations to those who have been a part of this struggle.
“Politics is just too important a calling to be left to judges, lawyers, and politicians alone”.
Osama sb, we believe in that and that is why it has not been left to these people in this country as we all know.
As the rest ” much of the same kind of men will keep on running much the same system in this country” ; survive we will but degenerate slowly we will too.
What deal?
so he seems to come back. Some deal eh?
Bomb Blast In Kachehri On the Occassion of CJP’s Address.
Anything is possible. After what transpired in Karachi on March 12th on CJ visit, the last thing is to rule out our President’s hand in the current blast at Kachehri.
It is the most stupid indictment of a President of a country but the Karachi massacre was no accident. If that could be planned by Mush, what else is left and you could let your imagination go as far?
this blast is very
unexpected. Whoever did this ,he has chosen very right time to do this.I have doubt that govt will go for such move neither I think CJ was targeted. Since Lal masjid issue is already hot, i think bomber group(could be Baitullah Mehsood group or our very own beloved *agencies) tried to kill two birds with one stone that is,to make govt doubtful that Govt took another move to divert the situation, targetting PPP member because the lady who got killed was a PPP worker and we all know that BiBi has been singing praises of musharraf these days and she also supported Mush on Lal masjid issue so the group tried to take *revenge* from both parties.
A bomb blast in the kachehri on the occassion of CJP’s address to Islamabad bar.
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Will the SC rule only on CJP’s petition against the presidential reference? Or will it also give a ruling on other petititions that it heard.
After the CJP’s petition, the most important one was filed by Balochistan High court bar. The SC can steer the country out of it’s current mess by giving a ruling on this petition by Balochistan bar.