US-Pakistan politics aside, I enjoy my longish stays in the US, whenever I visit here, usually in the summers. One reason is the many opportunities this country provides for “the pursuit of happiness,” which, in fact, is enshrined in the American Declaration of Independence as an “inalienable right of man [and woman]” along with life and liberty.
Before you jump to conclusions, I don’t mean the happiness one usually associates with Western cities, and certainly not anything of prurient interest. I am talking about the happiness one derives from learning new things — a new subject, a new language, an occupation, a skill, a sport, an interest or a hobby. You can pretty much do anything here if you set your mind on it. There are no barriers of age, gender or race, nor any social or other constraints. Of course, you have to pay the fees — most of the time.
Early this summer, I signed up for a flying trapeze class — almost — in a facility located along the Hudson River, in lower Manhattan. We usually associate trapeze with circus, where acrobats swing out hanging on to a flying bar, do a few somersaults in the air, and then either land in the clutches of another catcher or fall on a safety net down below. It’s a thrilling sight on a cloudless day against the backdrop of the Hudson River and Jersey skyline. The class is open to everyone, for fun and exercise. The only condition is age — not less than eight years. There is no upper age limit. I easily qualified. But I chickened out at the last minute, though. Falling from high above, even though into a safety net, looked a bit hazardous. But the opportunity is there and the fee is affordable. I might muster enough courage to still join.
On a more serious side, a friend of mine, originally from Lebanon, a brilliant student in school and college, after doing his BS and MS in electrical engineering and physics from MIT in 1991, worked in investment banks and financial companies for over 16 years. This year, he had a change of heart and decided to become a doctor. He applied to Tufts medical college and was accepted. He is likely to graduate in 2013. By the time he finishes residency and becomes a practicing doctor, he will be 50. This is just one such example.
Circumstances compelled me to extend my stay here this year. Having more free time on my hands, I walked into the South Asian Studies Department at the University of Pennsylvania, an Ivy League university, to see what was available this semester. Going through the material posted on the bulletin boards, I was amazed at the variety of subjects. There were courses in studies on Imams Bukhari and Tirmizi; courses in Islamic history, Ottoman history and modern history of Afghanistan and Pakistan; language courses were offered in Arabic, Persian, Urdu, Hindi, Punjabi and Bengali, and in Urdu literature written about the Partition; there was a also a course on learning to play tabla and sitar. And, then I found a course in Pashto poetry. I chose to attend this class, more out of curiosity than anything else.
The class teacher is a young American from Maine who has spent considerable time in Afghanistan and Pakistan. He speaks Pashto fluently in Afghan accent, and knows the grammar and nuances of the language better than most educated Pakhtuns. A young woman from Baffa, district Mansehra, has joined him this year on a Fulbright scholarship, to assist him in teaching basic Pashto to beginners.
After attending the first two classes, and studying two poems, one by Ajmal Khattak and the other by Shafiullah Babarzai, an Afghan poet, I was hooked, and am determined to stick to the course till the end. It’s a pity that I won’t find such courses, say, in Qaid-e-Azam University in Islamabad. Nor could I find any good books on the subject in some of the biggest bookstores in Islamabad.
Ajmal Khattak’s poem is more relevant today’s Pakistan than, perhaps, it was when it was written, many years ago. It is titled Jannat, or Paradise. Here is the poem, as I translated and paraphrased it, of course with helpful inputs from my teacher:
PARADISE:
I asked a mullah, what do you think is Paradise like?
He ran his fingers through his beard and said
“Fresh fruits and rivers of milk”
A talib (student) was sitting nearby
I asked him, what do you say?
He put aside the book of Zulekha he was reading, and said
“Beautiful women with (tattooed) green dots on their cheeks”
A shaikh stood nearby, rolling his tasbeeh (rosary)
He stroked his beard and said (questioning the talib):
“No, it’s not like that!”
“Paradise is beautiful servant boys and heavenly music.”
A khan raised his head from a lengthy sajda (prostration in prayer)
What is your opinion, Khan Sahib? I asked
He adjusted his turban and said
“The luxuriously furnished and perfumed mansions”
Nearby, a labourer stood in his tattered clothes
I asked him, do you know what Paradise is?
He wiped the sweat from his brow and said
“It’s a full stomach and deep slumber”
A man, in dishevelled hair, passed by, lost in his thoughts
I asked, what do you say, philosopher?
Smoothing his hair, he said:
“It’s nothing but dreams conjured up to please man”
(Confused) I looked down into my heart and then looked up into the blue sky; and heard a murmur in reply: “Paradise is your home where you are the master, and at liberty; and if you cannot attain the freedom, then sacrifice on the path to freedom, as an ideal, is Paradise. Be it hellfire or the gallows”
Who says Pakhtuns produce only poppy? They produce wonderful poetry, too.
Happiness, as I said in the beginning, is doing things that one enjoys doing, not necessarily for money but also for self-satisfaction, self-enhancement and self-actualisation. And the societies that provide such learning opportunities end up enriching themselves in the process.
Jannat, an audio recording:
[audio:http://pakistaniat.com/images/Jannat-Ajmal- Khattak-Baba.mp3]
Here is the poem ‘jannat’ is Pashto script.
As much as poetry in Pushto or any other language may work as “marham” (ointment) on broken hearts (Dil-Sooz) we should see to it that poetry by it’s nature is given to exaggeration. It tends to romantacize the harsh realities of life. It creates psychological defense mechanisms of fantasy and denial–sometimes.
No scientific work or buisness deal has ever been written in poetry. No wonder Holy Quran is the first recognized book of literature in arabic which is written in prose.
Peshawar university–the very first premium institute of scientific learning for Puktoons was created by Khan Abdul Qayum Khan –who was anti thesis to likes of Ajmal Khattak.
Again I have to use poetry of Faiz to conclude:
Ab bhee dil kush hay tara husn magar kia kee jiy-aay
Lote jati hay idhar ko bhee nazar magar kia kee jay-aay
(I have a feeling I have commited “gunah” of not quoating Faiz correctly)
Eidee Man’s: I checked, teachers are reluctant to give out their names on blogs. If you are here, you simply walk in the department of South Asian Studies and ask for Pashto teacher. Or else you can look up the Penn website.
Adnan:
You are right, different poets express the same thought in different ways. Ghalib would trap the river into the proverbial bottle, Ajmal Khattak allows the river to flow into every gorge and valley to ultimately empty into the sea. Remember what Saifudding Saif once said:
Saif, andaaz-i-bayaaN rang badal daita hai
Warna dunya maiN koi baat nayee baat nahiN
Actually, when I first sent this article to The News. The editor showed some concern about two words — ‘beautiful boys’ and ‘sajda’ in the poem. But, thankfully, he let it go without censoring the lines.
The response to the article was substantial, even though my email address was misspelled (my mistake). It was mostly from the Pashtun diaspora — US, Canada, Germany, South Korea and Bangladesh, to name a few. There was something in the poem that touched their emotions and they came out with them. None noticed the “boys” and “sajda” bit as odd.
On a different note, Islamia College Peshawar is going to celebrate its centenary next year. Any thoughts on what its alumni should or can do to on this occasion, other than partying and reminiscing, that is, to encourage reading and writing for pleasure among students.
Refreshing post, MQ. Interesting to see you have this experience at Penn. rather than in Frontier. Says something about the state of Pakistan’s focus on liberal arts eduction or lack thereof. Poem is lovely – and on that tangent, I also happen to think of ghalib’s hum ko maaloom hey jannat ki haqeeqat.. the verse is far deeper than most people realize. It almost seems that Ajmal Khattak has expressed the same idea but given the genre [poem] he is using, has done it very elaborately and beautifully.
What is root cause of this nonsense of virgin women, beautiful boys, and delicious food in paradise?
We need to get these wrong notions out of Taliban (both Puktoon and Punjabi) and Muslim head in general. May be then they stop killing and committing suicide. And work hard to get food and beautiful women in this world. Just the way writer Aziz Akhmad is enjoying these in this world!
Beautiful post…
Not just Pushto, we do not have access to great scholarly work of several regional thinkers of Sindh and Baluchistan either…
Perhaps people would have appreciated better the writings, poetry, wisdom and nationalistic themes of Khushal Khan Khattak had he written in Urdu – our adopted language…