Adil Najam
As was expected – but much more so than expected becasue of its timing – Ayesha Siddiqa’s new book Military Inc.: Inside Pakistan’s Military Economy is causing waves in Pakistan and abroad.
True to form, the establishment has bothed up things even more than usual by trying to mess with the book’s launch in Islamabad. That only made the launch an even bigger news than it would have been. Here, for example, is the top of the page, front page news item from Dawn (June 1, 2007):
A book putting a critical spotlight on the military’s business nooks was launched from a virtual sanctuary on Thursday and some high-profile political reviewers seized upon it to denounce the army’s role in Pakistani politics.
The launching of the book, Military Inc: Inside Pakistan’s Military Economy, by Dr Ayesha Siddiqa, a military analyst, was due to have taken place at the capital’s elitist Islamabad Club. But the author told a surprised audience that not only the club cancelled the booking of its auditorium, “all hotels in Islamabad were also told� by unspecified authorities not to allow the use of their halls for this, forcing the organisers to find a sanctuary at a third floor room provided by a non-governmental organisation.
PPP’s legal star Aitzaz Ahsan said the time had come to stand up against the military dominance while PML-N Information Secretary Ahsan Iqbal accused Pakistan army generals of not learning a lesson from other countries that said goodbye to military rule. But some other speakers had a dig also at politicians for doing little to keep the military in check while being in power and at times celebrating the ouster of their rivals. Mr Aitzaz Ahsan said the expose of Ayesha, who puts the net worth of the army’s commercial empire at Rs200 billion, had come at a “defining moment� in Pakistan’s history following President Pervez Musharraf’s controversial charge-sheeting and suspension of Chief Justice Iftikhar Mohammad Chaudhry.
He narrated what he called the military’s moves in the past to convert Pakistan into a national security state contrary to the Quaid-i-Azam Mohammad Ali Jinnah’s vision of a welfare state and to forge an alliance with mullahs in search of an ideological justification for this, but said he thought now “a watershed has comeâ€Â?. Mr Ashan, who heads Justice Iftikhar’s legal team, saw “a turning pointâ€Â? in the March 9 presidential action against the chief justice that plunged the country into a judicial crisis and said: “We must grasp it.â€Â? Cheers went up in the congested premises of the NGO Leadership for Environment and Development as Mr Ahsan referred to what he called an unexpected “noââà ¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚¬Ã‚? by the chief justice to the president’s demand for his resignation and, in a reference to the nationwide protest movement by lawyers, opposition political activists and the civil society, said: “The spillway of the Tarbela Dam has opened now.â€Â? He said although the chief justice would not speak about the presidential reference pending before the five-judge Supreme Judicial Council or his challenge to the reference before a 13judge bench of the Supreme Court, it was out of compulsion that an affidavit was filed on his behalf on Tuesday about what happened to him during his March 9 meeting with the president and for some days afterwards. “We were compelled to file that affidavit,â€Â? Mr Ahsan said, citing comments made by President Musharraf about the case as the reason.
Mr Iqbal rejected as a myth usual accusations holding politicians responsible for four military coups in Pakistan’s history and put the blame on what he called ambitions of army chiefs who toppled civilian governments from General Mohammad Ayub Khan, who later became field marshal, to General Musharraf. Comparing the ills of military interventions in politics to what cancer does to human body, he said Ayub Khan struck in October 1958 to pre-empt scheduled elections next year, while General Yahya Khan snatched power from him in 1969 at “virtual gunpoint� to prevent a handover to a National Assembly Speaker from then East Pakistan in the midst of a national democratic movement.
General Mohammad Zia-ulHaq, he recalled, seized power on June 5, 1977 a day after then prime minister Zulfikar Ali Bhutto and the opposition Pakistan National Alliance had agreed to hold fresh elections. He said Pakistan faced no bankruptcy despite international sanctions for its 1998 nuclear tests and “everything was normal� when General Musharraf, after being sacked, toppled then prime minister Nawaz Sharif on Oct 12, 1999. Mr Zafar Abbas, resident editor of Dawn, Islamabad, and Dr Farrukh Saleem, also complimented the 292-page book published by the Oxford University Press.
It speaks about the role of the military power in transforming the Pakistani society, armed forces becoming an independent class entrenched in the corporate sector and their five giant welfare foundations, or conglomerates, running thousands of businesses ranging from petrol pumps to industrial plants.
I have not yet read the book myself, however, I have talked about it with Ayesha many times – most recently in Boston some weeks ago – and am generally familiar with the thesis of the book. But, then, so is most of Pakistan. It is that the Military’s economic footprint has become too large for teh military’s own good. From cereal to banks to airlines, what she calls ‘Military Inc.’ is now everywhere in Pakistan’s economic life. Her argument is that this is nietehr good for Pakistan nor the military.
I am looking forward to reading and reviewing the book, which Ayesha has promised to send me soon. Meanwhile, we will keep an eye out for substantive reviews of this undoubtedly important work.
Does anyone who this retired general is? I mean the person planning to sue Dr. Sadiqa?
Well may be some of you know it or not.
JUN 7 – Renowned scholar Dr Ayesha Siddiqa secretly reached London Wednesday after she “received a message that a charge sheet is being prepared to put her on trialâ€
I went to Saeed Book Bank, Islamabad last night to purchase a copy of the book, didn’t find. I was told that all the copies have been sold out.
When should we expect the new stock.
Well its very sad to say but DR. Ayesha left Pakistan. She has reached London following threats of life and possible legal action agianst her. i just can’t understand that why we can not speak truth in our country? Her book is an eye openor for any Army Fan.. facts are facts which can not be kept hidden as one day or another it reaches people.
http://www.thenews.com.pk/daily_detail.asp?id=5957 2
Military Inc: enter at your own risk
By Anjum Niaz
At 10 pm on May 25, Ayesha Siddiqa gets a call from the information minister. It’s only a chat he wants with the author of Military Inc. Maybe tomorrow, he can drop in, he wonders. He doesn’t. On the evening of May 27, Mohammad Ali Durrani calls again, “can we meet at 11 am tomorrow?” ‘Tomorrow’ arrives sans Durrani. “I kept my husband from going to work as I wanted him around when my fellow Bahawalpuria (Durrani is from a neighbouring area) came,” Ayesha says.
Then comes ‘D-Day’ May 31, the day of the launch. The booked hall cancels her out; hotels shoo her away. Meanwhile the moment of the launch draws. Disinformation goes into overdrive with text messages flying around saying the launch is called off; the book is banned.
“I wish I had met Durrani. I wanted to know why the government was so hyper, so fearful.” Ayesha says. “Perhaps the time was inopportune; the moment wrong,” she adds as an afterthought. The Supreme Court seminar relayed live flayed the army and the top brass swore never again would they allow a frontal assault. Ayesha became their first anger-victim.
Peripatetic and barefoot on the mosaic floor of her home in Islamabad, Ayesha, 41, is constantly on her cell. Tea with biscuits arrives. “Can you get me some saltish biscuits,” she asks her servant. “I’m diabetic; I’ve had five heart surgeries.” Well-wishers call to talk about General (retd) Hameed Gul’s reported Rs1.2 billion defamation notice to her. She often breaks into seraiki with the callers. The TV crew of Al-Jazeera has turned up to interview her. She must change out of her casual tee shirt and sweat pants, dab on some makeup, do her hair before facing the camera.
What was the trigger that caused you to write this book? Did you think it would raise such a stink in the establishment? “No I didn’t,” comes her honest reply. “What’s the hoo- hah about?” she throws her hands in the air. “All the information is already out there in the public domain. I merely connected the dots,” still perambulating and fidgeting with her cell and newspapers. Okay, stop quibbling about the theory part Ayesha reproduced from public and government records, national assembly, even court papers. That’s old hat. Let’s move to her free-spoken analysis of the military business she dubs “Milbus” which is the real problem for the military.
“Milbus is meant for the gratification of senior officers where huge funds are transferred from public to private individuals without any transparency,” Ayesha says. Almost all countries, developed and developing, have military empires, “but Pakistan is unique, with Indonesia and Turkey coming close.”
Explaining while Western militaries operate from outside, making money doing business with other countries, “in Pakistan the military penetrates inside to get imbedded in the socio-economic and political arenas. For 60 years, the military classes have cohabitated with ruling elites such as the politicians, bureaucracy, civil society and businessmen wresting an empire for themselves for the senior army officers. Democracy is their anti-thesis.”
It took her two years to research the answer she wanted: “I could not understand why everybody in the military was biting into the pie and why the corporate and the political elites were letting them do that.”
She found an “explanation” at last: In Pakistan predation is the norm and the predators are the ruling elites. Put simply, the defence forces along with others have preyed on and plundered the resources of the state. “I must have interviewed some 100 odd johnnies (she won’t name them) from these walks of life from which I have drawn this conclusion.”
Well, you started the shosha; added fuel to fire; got the crowds all het up, so now for you to look deflated and be on the defensive, even sound apologetic, as you did on Geo with Kamran Khan is most surprising? I tell her.
“Says who I was on the defensive?” Ayesha hotly refutes. “Yes, you were”, Brigadier (retd) Ishtiaq Ali Khan echoes. He lives nearby. Pulling out a list of good the ‘Military Inc’ has done, he says: “it employs a large number of ex-army personnel as well as civilians; tens of thousands ex-soldiers get welfare benefits in healthcare, education, loans in far-flung areas and supports financially widows and families of over 50,000 shaheeds (martyrs).”
“You become a fraternity — all you military people (retired and serving) when your interests are threatened,” Ayesha tells the brigadier who is one of the three high-ranking officers who resigned when General Zia overthrew Bhutto and took power in 1977. The man has principles. Judging by an old Suzuki FX he drives, one can only say that ‘Milbus’ must have bypassed the brigadier. Still, his old heart beats in unison with his fellow military men.
“Brigadier sahib (woe betide, he hasn’t read her book!) I will not talk to a retired or serving officer unless he has read my book. I repeat I have no intention to malign the army. I’m just presenting the facts,” she tells Ishtiaq Ali Khan. Addressing us both, she mildly scolds: “Your views are too simplistic. It’s very sad that you should look at my TV interview with such a narrow vision.”
Continuing her ‘lesson’ to a ‘pair of school kids’ (me and the brig) she begins all over again: What the book contains was earlier extracted and printed in two Newsline articles last year. “I wanted to test the waters and when I got no reaction from any quarters, I went ahead with the publication.” We’re informed that heavyweights like Dr Manzoor Ahmed, Justice Fakhruddin G Ibrahim and Jamil Yusuf okayed the Military Inc book proposal and nominated Ayesha in 2004 as a Woodrow Wilson Scholar. She went to Washington and wrote the book.
“Let me make one thing very clear,” she says when I ask why she politicised the launch by inviting opposition party parliamentarians Aitzaz Ahsan and Ahsan Iqbal to speak. “I am an academic; not a politician. I don’t lead rallies.” She invited the two Ahsans because she wanted to “put them on the spot for their parties’ unholy alliance with the army”.
I don’t accept her argument. I think the author wanted fireworks but hadn’t bargained on an inferno. She reminds me of the brave and heroic fire fighters of New York, dousing her inflammatory book with foamy explanations on why she penned it.
Her father, Sardar Owaisi, was an MPA belonging to the PPP. He died in 1979, when Ayesha was only 13 years old. “I wanted to enter politics but at age 26, when I went to UK to do my PhD in war studies, I was completely engrossed in academia and could never give up writing.” Her mother, Jamila Hashmi, is the renowned short-story writer. Today, their daughter has shown spunk to stand up to the establishment: the security analyst’s own security is in danger: “My home and world is Pakistan and my heart breaks when I get messages to leave the country.”
You’re gutsy; people want you as their hero, I tell Ayesha. “I’d rather be a Harry Potter than a CJP 2!” she smiles.
Epilogue: That evening (June 5) Ayesha abruptly left for London.
The writer is a freelance journalist with over twenty years of experience in national and international reporting. Email: aniaz@fas.harvard.edu