Much has been said on how the election results are a referendum against the policies of General Musharraf. While there can be little disagreement with this, there is a clear lesson for Pakistan’s urban intelligentsia that had been screaming about the futility of this election.
True, Pakistan’s troubled polity will not transform overnight, nor will the endemic civil-military imbalance dissipate in the air with the formation of the new civilian government. But this is the magic of electoral politics — it allows the least risky path to a civilian transition. The road ahead is messy we know, but that is the only road that a fractured polity can tread.
The classic failure of the Pakistani urban educated will not go unnoticed. Led by the rhetoric Imran Khan, the delusions of the lawyers’ movement and the rake opportunism of Qazi Hussain Ahmed and General Hameed Gul, the boycott chanting individuals and groups should re-examine their standpoint and ultimately their “politics.â€
Unwittingly, they took the risky path of de-legitimising the main political parties that have had the roughest time during the Musharraf years. This was also the time, which the electorate vividly remembers, that Qazi and his allies were feasting on the fruits of power in two provinces and were de facto beneficiaries of the establishment. Not to mention that Mr Imran Khan was campaigning for the general during his referendum. The urban classes term the mainstream politics as “feudal†and the participants “uneducated.†This has to change, lest the opinion leaders are relegated to the dustbin of history. This dustbin already contains some rudiments of political streams, not to mention the left parties, such as the one headed by Mr Abid Hasan Minto, harping on the boycott mantra and middle-class pretensions over the National Reconciliation Ordinance.
In a country of 160 million people with strong traditions of democratic yearning, the process of change cannot be articulated outside the mainstream electoral politics, however faulty the political parties. This is the biggest lesson we have learned. Mian Nawaz Sharif who was lambasted for his pragmatism now stands vindicated. And, above all, the vision of Benazir Bhutto, who was attacked left right and centre for insistence on the electoral route, stands validated. There could not have been a better tribute to her legacy.
The PPP may or may not be able to form the government, but that it led the process towards a peaceful, democratic–even quasi-democratic–transition is something that will be recorded in not so unflattering terms by history. By prevailing on Mian Nawaz Sharif not to leave the field vacant, the PPP also takes in some measure the ironic credit of the near-glorious comeback of the PML-N in Punjab.
Another myth, fuelled by this flawed “politics,†traced the rise of Islamism in the North West Frontier Province due to General Musharraf’s backing of the war on terror and the invasion of Afghanistan. What could be farther from the truth. The ANP and the PPP have bagged all the key seats, including those in areas where the spill over of war on terror was intense. The people of the Frontier, before sorting out the mess in Afghanistan through jihad, want peace and an end to the imposed parochialism of the clerics.
The erstwhile sponsored face of Islamism — the Muttahida Majlis-e-Amal — has been routed. The people of NWFP have rejected outright these rentier clerics that use Islamisation for power and pelf. There were many who said that Benazir Bhutto’s rhetoric against fundamentalism would be counterproductive; and the results from NWFP and Balochistan speak otherwise. That she could say it so forcefully is partly why she was forced to sleep in the enigmatic precincts of Garhi Khuda Bux.
These elections are also a slap on the face of the global corporate media (and their backers, the global military machine) that had painted Pakistan as a breeding ground for Islamic extremism and, dare I say, terrorism. And the global campaign on declaring Pakistan as the most dangerous country was nothing but trappings of an ignorant and imperial discourse.
In the final analysis, the people and the ousted political parties are the biggest winners, while the Musharraf paradigm has been trashed. Sadly, Pakistan’s naïve intelligentsia has also received a jolt as its boycott mantra will rest in peace along with the “true†democracy project and the rent-seeking devolution plan. The electoral defeat of Daniyal Aziz says it all.
The lawyers’ movement and its ardent supporters in the Pakistani urban bourgeoisie may consider reflecting on and devising ways whereby the incoming parliament is not de-legitimised or unduly pressured. The much abused rule of law is meaningless as a concept without political struggles and parties; lest we would like it to be reduced to debating clubs and internet groups or worse to “letterhead†parties, a phrase that our maverick Maulana of the MMA has added to our political lexicon. If the forthcoming parliament is painted as a sell-out just in case it does not deliver on the shopping list of the boycotters, this would be tragic. Reform is a frustrating and slow process that if derailed in Pakistan takes a decade to resume. Our present plight is a testament to this historical cycle.
Ultimately, the causes espoused by the urban groups and lawyers’ movement could only be negotiated and articulated by a sovereign parliament and a responsible executive that is answerable to the electorate. Mercurial benches at the Supreme Court or overzealous TV talk show hosts, important as they are, cannot replace this imperative.
– This article also appeared in the Daily News of Februrary 21, 2008
Raza-
your excitement about the present democratic state of being in the aftermath of the recent elections may be very justified – the nation did indeed want a change from the status quo of essentially Musharraf’s one-man rule with croonies collecting the wayward bones left in their path – but I think your analysis is incomlete, biased, and flawed. Aqil has pointed out an important fallacy in your argument.
Over the past 2 days I must have received at least 100 emails with videos of rigging in the elections – the entire brooha over the youtube ban – but if the elections were so rigged (which I have no clue if they were or not), should the next government be considered legitimate? Or are we saying they are legitimate because the it appears so, because our senses tell us these are the rightful inheritors of power, and because our unofficial, nontechnical opinion polls say so?
I think your point about electoral process being a necessary but not sufficient step in ensuring democracy and justice is well taken, but your criticism of all those who are well-meaning in their opinions regarding the situation that existed immediate prior to Feb 18th seems off the mark.
I support the lawyers’ movement 100%. I think what they did and are doing is honorable and essential, and I salute them. Their movement actually exposed the great discontent that the common man had been harboring for years….you did not see urban elites on GT road, no, you saw people, a lot of who can’t even read, greet the chief justice. I agree with Imran Khan that it is these people, who respect the judiciary the most since they know what a difference an honest one can make in their lives.
But I still think it was a mistake for Imran Khan, etc to sit out. The usual way of registering your protest is to at least put your name on the ballot.
The boycott position was a mistake indeed. But to be fair, there is also an element of hind sight in it. If the elections had been massively rigged, then the pro-boycott group would have been saying ‘see, we told you so’
Hind sight kee basis peh kissi ko aik hud tuck hee criticize kia ja sakta hai, and it seems that some of the pro-political parties opinion is starting to go overboard.
Our educated elite indeed has a lot to learn. More specifically, its biggest problem is that it tries to take the high moral ground by demanding perfection, but does not make an effort to bring about the required change.
However, the boycott cry was not issued by this drawing room elite alone. At the forefront of the boycott call were lawyers and students, who were regularly out to protest after the emergency/martial law and braved a lot more police brutality than the opportunistic political parties. Since these people were out there and even willing to get beaten up for what they believed without the prospect of personal benifits in the form of power, they do not deserve the kind of scorn that is being expressed in this post. Yes, they got it wrong on the boycott and have hopefully learned a lesson. End of story. But the way this post is criticizing them and praising the political parties amounts to belittling their struggle, without which the opposition parties would not have been able to come into a position to return to power, and likewise, the ‘wise common man’ would not have had the opportunity to make his vote count.
Overall, the post is not very balanced. It praises the political parties more than what they deserve, and criticises the lawyers and others more than what’s fair.
I beg to differ. I think all this, in its current configuration, would not have been possible without the idealism of the Lawyers and the Student’s Pro Democracy movement.
Unfortunately, your analysis short-changes the sacrifices given by the much maligned “intellectuals etcetera” without any hope of receiving anything in the way of “power”. If anything has rebuilt the image of Pakistan as a peaceful, democratic society abroad, it is the images of peaceful lawyer’s protest doing battles (barehanded) with the brutally oppressive might of the Pakistani Military Raj.
“The classic failure of the Pakistani urban educated will not go unnoticed. ”
Thank you!! I’ve been saying this for such a long time. Our “educated” elite just does not get it. They welcomed Musharraf, and now they are completely against the party who swept the elections. They LOVE Aitzaz Ahsan (for now….I wouldn’t be surprised if in 5 years they start hoping for Kayani to put him in jail) but seem to ignore what he says about the PPP.
I find it completely ABSURD that the same people who were so proud of themselves for staying home or “nullifying” their vote are now vigorously debating who the next PM “should” be….the implication is that the “illiterate” masses do not know what is good for them and they voted bad people into power. I think the masses understand democracy a hundred times better than these “educated” people; they actually rejected terrorism and voted liberal parties into power…..remember all of those warnings about how every Pathan was basically a radical…well, I guess the intellectuals need to go back and cook up another flawed theory.
Even if people vote for bad candidates, so what?!?! That’s the whole point of democracy; it’s very inefficient, but it works—granted it’s given time.
I like Imran Khan, but this is huge-blunder-number-2 for him; the first was supporting Musharraf initially.