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Innocent?… Then Walk on the Burning Coal!

Posted on January 19, 2009
Filed Under >Owais Mughal, Law & Justice, Society
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Owais Mughal

It is not the first time that I’ve heard such news in the past few months. Reportedly, on Jan 19, 2009, a tribal council (jirga) near Quetta asked an accused man to walk on burning coal to prove his innocence.

The barbarism and insanity of this practice is depicted in the photograph to the right from the Associated Press of Pakistan (APP). The picture is, in fact, of the punishment being carried out. The APP photograph does not have details, but it seems that it relates to this news item in The News (Jan. 20, 2009):

Decades-old practice of walking on burning coal is still alive to this modern age in Balochistan, as a forty-year-old man on Monday walked on burning coal over a property dispute with his brother in Mastung district.


The incident happened in Azizabad, located some 40 kilometres from the provincial capital, where one Nazim Ali walked on burning coal to prove his innocence. Nazim told newsmen afterwards that his brother, living in Quetta, had refused him the right in the property. While Nazim’s brother denied the allegation and claimed to have given Nazim his share. He contacted some tribesmen and at last Nazim Ali was [sic] agreed to walk on burning coal to prove his innocence. If there are burn marks on his feet, the man is considered guilty and a Jirga decides his fate, said a tribesman in Azizabad.

Reports said a 12 feet long, two feet wide and two feet deep trench was dug up, which was filled with dry wood. The wood was burnt for over two hours. As the time to take the test of innocence approached, a veteran walked close to the fire and recited verses from the holy Qura’an. One of the elders told the verses were recited to bring the fire ‘under control’ so that it would not harm the innocent and only burn the guilty. Hundreds of people, including friends and relatives of the accused, stood around the burning coal when the accused took a walk on burning coal. He was immediately taken to a bucket filled with the blood of a slaughtered goat and dipped his feet in it.

“If there were burn marks on his feet, the man is considered guilty and Jirga decides further course of action against him. If his feet remain safe, he will be declared innocent,” another tribesman Muhammad Saleem said.

The incident was witnessed by hundreds of people and widely reported in the media. The time to decide whether the accused was innocent or guilty will be decided on Tuesday at a news conference, an elder of the Jirga told The News.

The photographs are obviously disturbing, but even more disturbing is the fact that this could happen today. In my opinion, while mediation can be done by anyone, justice and physical punishments should only be given through Government appointed courts. I think this photo here is yet another form of vigilante style justice and it challenges the writ of the Government.

Photo to the left is after this guy completed his walk on burning coals (although it looks like the feet are dipped in water, not goat’s blood).

I find both of these photos, and more importantly the act that these photographs record, to be not just shocking but inhuman. As we have said at Pakistaniat many times before, obvious Jahalat and inhumanity can never be justified in the name of tradition or culture (here, here and here). No matter how old or deep the tradition might be!

Photo Credits: Mohsin Naseer of Associated Press of Pakistan. Clicking on photos above will take you to their parent website and larger image sizes.

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27 comments posted

Comment Pages: « 4 3 2 [1]

  1. Saqib Ali says:
    January 20th, 2009 9:45 am

    This is a traversty of all that is decent and human.

    The people who do this, and I think also those who just stand and watch, should be tried and punished by the very laws that they are ignoring and taking into their own hands.

  2. January 20th, 2009 9:07 am

    You know, there may be some truth to this form of justice. Some of you may know that Tony Robbins used to conduct seminars on Neurolinguistics Programing (NLP), Self development and Success. While his seminar was going on there was a pit of coals getting ready. When the seminar end, all of the audience was expected to walk over the hot coals. In many of his seminars, all of the attendees would walk over hot coals. This is the power of faith and believing. If the person who is ordered to walk on hot coals is innocent and he strongly believes in his innocence and that him being innocent would cause the hot coals not to hurt his feet, then he may walk over them unhurt. If his faith is wavering then…

  3. BUNTY says:
    January 20th, 2009 1:30 am

    Sheer Height of Stupidity of so called Tribal Customs at its best!! This is actually what happens when there is a vacuum of a Judicial System!

  4. Hafsa says:
    January 20th, 2009 12:39 am

    Why do you have to always highlight these negative stories about Pakistan?

    This happens only in few remote places and not all over Pakistan. And this has nothing to do with Islam.

  5. Arjun says:
    January 20th, 2009 12:21 am

    Hope education spreads throughout the subcontinent so it becomes free from such superstitions. I think law-and-order isn’t the problem, it’s superstition that makes people and village councils believe such stuff - that walking on coal without burn marks proves your innocence or guilt.

  6. Adil Najam says:
    January 20th, 2009 12:19 am

    Frankly, I am still reeling just reading these horrendous reports. I think those who would just stand there and watch these also need to be punished. And certainly it is most shameful that the provincial Minister for HUMAN RIGHTS seems to be defending this practice. Just how jahil does one have to be to become a Minister today!

    P.S. I am also torn about what the role of a good journalist should be in such a situation? (By the way, part of the new The News story seems to be just lifted from the earlier Daily Times story (even though the two are by different authors; Muhammad Ejaz Khan and Malik Siraj Akbar, respectively.).

  7. January 20th, 2009 12:08 am

    This is just pure inhumanity. And as you say, this is not the only recent incident. Just two weeks ago there was a long story in Daily Times about how this practice is growing (or at least being reported more).

    The report also mentioned that Charbeli, “practice of forcing alleged criminals to walk on burning coal is locally known, appears to supersede the criminal justice system and the states writ.”

    The Daily Times report from Jan. 7, had similar information from The News report, but in even greater detail:

    The gory practice of forcing alleged criminals to walk on burning coal to prove their innocence is frivolously disowned by many in Balochistan, yet it regularly draws hundreds of tribal spectators. The illegal phenomenon continues unchecked with increasing likelihood of the practice spreading to other parts of the country’s least literate province. Charbeli, as the practice of forcing alleged criminals to walk on burning coal is locally known, appears to supersede the criminal justice system and the states writ.

    A local veteran who is believed to have divine power to control the fire is entrusted with the responsibility to monitor the practice. Firstly, a 12-feet long, two-feet wide and two-feet deep trench is dug which is filled with 480 kilogrammes of dry wood. The wood burns for around three to four hours. As the time to take the test of innocence approaches, the veteran walks close to the fire and chants religious prayers to bring the fire under control so that it would, supposedly, not harm the innocent and only burn the guilty.

    Hundreds of people, including the friends and relatives of the accused stand around the burning coal when the accused walks on it. He is immediately taken by his relatives and put on a bed where his feet are put in a bucket filled with the blood of a freshly-slaughtered goat. “If there are burn marks on his feet, the man is considered guilty and the jirga decides the further course of action against him. If his feet are not burnt, he is declared innocent and is delightedly received by friends and relatives,” said Muhammad Ali, a local journalist who witnessed many such cases.

    Ali says sometimes three to four cases are adjudicated on a single day. The time to decide whether the accused is innocent or guilty is between four to 24 hours.

    Last week, two such cases were reported from rural Balochistan. The incidents were witnessed by hundreds of people and widely reported in the media. There were widespread comments on the indigenous dispensation of speedy justice, except by the government and human rights organisations. In the first case, reported last week, Muhammad Bakhsh alias Afghan - suspected of murdering a 12-year old boy Saddam Hussain Bohar - was ordered by a jirga headed by local tribal elder Ghulam Qadir Bugti, to walk on burning coal to prove his innocence. As Bakhshs feet remained unhurt, he was declared ‘white’ by the jirga.

    In the second incident, two people, accused of murdering a boy and kidnapping three children, were asked by a joint jirga headed by tribal elder Ghulam Mustufa Rind and Dera Murad Jamali Tehsil Nazim Mir Zulfiqar Jamali, to walk on burning coal. Muhammad Darya was found ‘guilty’ as his feet showed burn marks afterward. However, the other accused skipped punishment because the fire did not burn his feet, purportedly proving his innocence.

    Urbanised: “This is an inhuman practice in the name of tradition. You punish a citizen by forcing him to walk on fire and then declare him ‘innocent’,” said renowned scholar and writer Professor Dr Shah Muhammad Marri. “My biggest concern is that this practice is becoming urbanised. In the past, it was merely a tradition started by the Bugti tribe but now it seems to be spreading to the Rind and other Baloch tribes. If the state does not ensure the provision of justice to its citizens, then I am afraid this practice would soon gain acceptance in more tribes of Balochistan,” he said.

    Marri, also a historian, said he could not trace the practice in Baloch history. In fact it was Akbar Bugti, the chief of Bugti tribe, who pioneered and encouraged this tradition. “This is an alien practice to the Marri, Mengal and other Baloch tribes. The latest incidents are shocking because they were carried out by tribes which were never influenced by the Bugtis in the past,” he said.

    Government: Balochistan Minister for Human Rights Basant Lal Gulshan told Daily Times that these practices were a part of the local tradition and no one, including the government, could eliminate them. He said all the government could do was condemn such incidents and ‘hope’ for an improvement in the situation. “What can we do with a practice that is ‘acceptable’ to the people themselves? If the government tries to interfere in their problems, the tribes would become hostile and resist the government,” he remarked.

    A local tribal elder, Ghulam Nabi Umrani, said suspected criminals were forced to walk on burning coal to prove innocence for crimes ranging from larceny, rape, and abduction to murder. “No one in the area objects to this practice because it provides speedy justice and is acceptable to everyone. You know the real condition of the courts. Who can afford to go there to waste money and time and get nothing in return?” he questioned.

    Balochistan Minister for Law and Parliamentary Affairs Rubina Irfan said the tradition did not have roots in Baloch or Islamic traditions. It was a man-made practice that was ‘happily joined’ by members of the community.

  8. Zia Ahmed says:
    January 19th, 2009 11:28 pm

    So Sad! - Heart filled with sorrow after reading this blog post, Owais Mughal shb i must appreciate your effort to point our such violence happening in our country.
    But its main reason is that government cannot influence its own low-n-order in such tribal areas as they people claim to be the owner of these areas. to enforce Pakistan’s law in those areas government and army will have to struggle so much. But because we dont know what exactly was the thing that caused this person to be punished this way… we cannot say anything. Might be this man were a victim of some serious crime - that seniors of his tribe thought this punishment the right one for him.

    Secondly Owais sahab I must appreciate your way of writing, I really like your style. So Nice.

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