Adil Najam
After all the trouble we went through to time our Eid posts (here, here, here, here, here, here) so they could be enjoyed by people in different time zones around the world, it turns out that ‘official’ Eid in Pakistan will be on Wednesday. Of course, the ‘unofficial’ Eid’s have already been celebrated on Monday and Tuesday.
Ridiculous, but true.
Some of our readers suggest this is yet another sign of a society divided and forever seeking new ways to become even more divided. Another way to look at it is that we so love having Eid that we want to enjoy it thrice; or that some so like fasting that they want to fast even more. Of course, the idea of a corporate conspiracy about Eid stall vendors paying off the roat-i-hilal-kamaity to rake in a few more nights of Eid customers has not yet surfaced; but I am sure it will.
The funniest and the most thought-provoking posts on this drama comes from the blog ‘Windmills of my Mind’ by Zaheer Kidvai. His blog – amongst the very best written and funniest Pakistani blogs – is a must-read for me and I have been waiting to do a post on Kidvai Sahib himself (he is the force behind the Faiz multimedia project as well as so much more; see here). As much as anything else I love the site for its credo quote – “They laugh at me because I am different; I laugh at them because they are all the same” – if only the rest of us could also appreciate this insight!
That post, like most of the projects I cherish the most, will have to wait. But I did want to share today excerpts from his two recent posts on this multiple Eid business. Note how he spells ‘Eed’ what I write as ‘Eid’ and others spell as ‘Id’; I am sure there are other spellings too, but it matters not because as they say in Lahore ‘gall samjh aani chaiaye‘; after all, if we have multiple celebrations why not have multiple spellings too!
The first post (A Tale of Two Eeds) is historical and worth reading in the full – if only for the wonderful humorous poetry of Syed Mohammed Jafri – but here is an excerpt:
In Pakistan, Eed has almost always been plagued by controversies on the matter of when to celebrate it. But that’s really a pessimistic view. Think of the joys connected with Moonsightings that would put UFO sightings to shame, Official and Unofficial Eeds, Ramzans that overstay their welcomes, enforced Eeds and enforced non-Eeds. I can think back to some examples from the days of that arch-Dictator, Ayub Khan, and cite references to them by misraas/shayrs from my favourite humourous poet of the time, Syed Mohammad Jafri (SMJ).
If memory serves me well, the President ordered Eed to be held all over the country after some of his province-mates claimed that the moon had been sighted, while the mullas of the province that detested him the most ruled that the method of sighting was unIslamic, insisting that the Ruet-e-Halal Committee (SMJ: Ae ruet-haraam committee tujhay salaam) had to get evidence of a ‘natural sighting’ and the method of going up in helicopters to see the moon behind the clouds was unacceptable. Karachiites, for the most part, and many others scattered over the country, therefore fasted the next day (SMJ: Hua rukhsat nah jo maahé ramazaañ eed kay din) – with Ayubi mullas roared statements about the kufr of fasting on Eed.
(As an aside, some laughingly claim that this was the occasion when Maulana Ehteshamul Haque opposed Ayub and was locked up in a thaana, from which he emerged with the Thaanvi bit added to his name.)
Ayub forcibly decided to have the country observe Eed in accordance with the NWFP decision (SMJ: Khaalis pathaan chaand hua arzé paak par) that emanated from the committee’s Peshawar office (SMJ: ‘Peshah var’ mullaaoñ nay ramzaañ ko dhakka day diya). Most mullas in Karachi refused to lead Eed prayers and the major (official) congregation had to have the Imam of the Karachi Jail forced into leading the Namaazé Eed (SMJ: Jail say maulvi bulvaaya pa∂haanay ko namaaz / Nah koee bandah rahaa aur nah koee bandah navaaz).
Worse was to come the next day, when the ‘faithful’ gathered with their imaams to offer prayers only to find that some mosque gates had been padlocked by the government supporters, forcing the crowd to say the prayers on the road. (SMJ: Talvaar kay zareeyay say manvaaya eed ko / Sharmindah kar kay rakh diya roohé Yazeed ko!)
The second post (We live in Amazing Times) relates to the current situation, and is worth thinking about. Again, do read it in full, but here is an extended excerpt:
Work – such as it is during Ramzan – came to a grinding halt just before Noon on Friday the 20th, in Lahore (which I happened to be visiting), as people started getting ready for the Jum’ah Prayers (it was the Al Vida’ Jum’ah … the last Friday of Ramzan). Many of them were trying to reach the Badshaahi Masjid to join the large congregation before traffic got heavy. Then there was a weekend, followed by the ill-timed Monday-Wednesday holiday. Eed was expected to be on Tuesday, but the traditional Eed+2 days have now been replaced by the 3-day vacation starting a day earlier, giving out-of-station people time to reach home before Eed.
Of course, as luck and stupidity would have it, Eed has now fallen on Wednesday for most of us. So Thursday is a holiday, too. On Friday the 27th, as often happens in such circs, many people will phone in sick – a few will actually be suffering from the after-effects of over-eating and having their mealtimes disrupted again after Ramzan. Admittedly, the more decent (and the gutless) will dodder in, slightly late, and spend the better part of the morning holding a hugathon, calling up a few friends and then getting up around noon to prepare for prayers. Back for a couple of hours, after a leisurely post-prayer lunch, and they too are away for the weekend again!
But the decent are in a minority, anyway. For the majority, after their departure on the 20th, their first day in office will be on the 30th and their first day at work will be the 31st . You really can’t expect people back in unfamiliar work surroundings to get in the groove on Day 1, can you? Thank Almighty Allah that we are a rich country and can afford such 11-day breaks …
A serious question is How (or even Why) does the owner of a small-to-medium business pay a workforce that’s been on half-speed for 15 days, on holiday for the rest of the month, and has obviously fallen short of its deadlines and has caused financial losses connected with this idiotic behaviour? Why should the burden of an individual’s beliefs fall on anyone but him (or on the State, if it officially subscribes to the philosophy)? Do Muslims in the USA or UK get half-days off? Or do they not fast? Are there any Hadeeses that support this half-day tradition? The principal of Fasting – I imagine – is to try and get through a normal day, with the additional hardship of shunning all temptations. Where are the temptations if you spend your time sleeping all morning at your desk – The Sehri Süstee Syndrome – and all afternoon at home? Reminds me of Mirza sahab:
Saamané khor-o-khaab kahaañ say laaooñ?
Aaraam kay asbaab khaañ say laaooñ?
Rozah mera eemaan hae, Ghalib, laykin …
Khaskhaana-o-barfaab kahaañ say laaoñ?
I have read a little bit more on the clashes in Lucknow. They are somewhat confusing, but the reports seem to suggest
a. a sectarian split on the issue
b. a personality-related clash
The former is unlikely, in my opinion, to be the real reason. The two main sects have different mosques and different celebrations of Eids in any case. So, it is unlikely that people of one sect came into the mosque of the other to prevent them from saying their Eid prayers.
The personality related clashes (within sects) on the other hand seems more likely. It seems to me a more plausible explanation that henchmen of one leader clashed with those of another, with ordinary namazis caught in the middle.
But I think the issue goes beyond that. Sectarians differences and personality clashes are not new. Yet, I have seen clashes increasing, particularly over the last decade or so. And consequently, the pressure has gone up to find ways and means to generate consensus, through scientific methods for instance. Is this a correct perception? If so, what is the reason for this trend i.e. decrease in tolerance for multiple Eids? Is it merely a transient phase before a new equilibrium is achieved rather than a trend?
The Patna incidents are not comparable at all. They were not presented as a dispute related to Diwali. The case related to the shooting was registered as a case of extortion and murder. It just happened to take place on the day of Diwali. That is the only connection with the festival. The Khyber incidents on the other hand, centered around a dispute over the day Eid was declared, though as you point out, there may have been other underlying factors.
I don’t think there is any benefit by confusing issues. We are talking here about the specific issue of multiple days for the festival being a cause for violence. I don’t see the analogy.
I agree that the reasons for the problems related to multiple days of Eid are often political. I am trying to understand them better. It never used to be an issue in the past, at least in India. I remember Eid being celebrated on two different days during my childhood too, some of which I spent in a city with a near Muslim majority. But I did not ever sense any problems because of that. At the least, I never heard of any violent incidents or even attempts by one group to prevent another group from celebrating Eid on a different day. It has changed in recent years. I don’t know what has caused this change and am trying to understand it better.
Sridhar, you are right that too much needless violence happens in the name of religion everywhere in the world. But sometimes the violence that happens in the name of religion has other causes which have very little to do with religion. I do not know enough about the details of Indian domestic and local politics to guess the causes of the Lucknow clash you mention. Such things nearly always have roots in existing local political tensions. Much like the unfortunate person who was killed in UP a few days ago over a Diwali dispute over fire-crackers. It is so sad that when communal tensions and religion mix, it is the poor and innocent who die. On the Khyber agency, the reports I have seen talk about the clash really being between two rival groups with long and deep rivalries. Religion was, again, used as an excuse to perpetuate this clash in such a traggic and violent way. Much like the five people gunned down in Patna this Diwali when a religious celebration that should have been a joyous occasion was turned into a bloodbath due to past existing rivalries. Hoepfully, one day our entire region will be rid of these cycles of violence and the abuse of religions as an excuse for violence.
I guess I understand better now. The key difference between the multiple Ids and multiple Diwalis is that the exact days for the multiple versions of Diwali are announced at least at the beginning of the year (in fact, they are available for several years in advance) while the Id issue comes up at the last minute.
Second, there is no fasting before Diwali – if anything, there is feasting. I can see the frustration of one set of people who are fasting while others are feasting in their vicinity.
The third is that there is nothing political about the various versions of Diwali. They are purely cultural and the days are decided based on well-known prior criteria. There is no element of discretion.
I can understand the frustration, but cannot understand the hostility towards others celebrating the festival on different days. For instance, in the Khyber agency, reports suggest that 14 people have been killed due to a dispute about the day of Eid. In Lucknow, there was a riot in a mosque, with several people seriously injured, when one group of people tried to prevent others from saying Eid prayers on Tuesday, since their own mullah had announced that Wednesday would be Eid. I am simply unable to understand why one group of people should have such a great problem with others celebrating a festival at a different time, that it descends into violence.
@Sridhar
The problem is not one of Muslims across the globe, or even in one country, celebrating their festivals on different days or the same day. The anger or frustration is caused by the last minute decisions by various centers of power (In Pakistan this means the mullas and the Government, mainly. The Army hasn’t taken THIS into its hands yet … but that’s probably because it IS the Government). This leads to the decision being a political, rather than religious one and that, until the very end, no one knows if it’s Eed or not. I believe this year the Muslims in the USA, too, experienced this craziness. The ensuing suspense makes me wonder if Muslims should start counting Alfred Hitchcock among their saints.