Women Protection Bill, 2006 (“WPB”) has finally passed, in an overwhelming majority vote, by the Pakistani Senate. MMA in a last attempt to make WPB ineffective suggested 17 amendments, which were all rejected by the Senators. Having already been cleared by the National Assembly, the only thing left, procedurally, for the bill to become law of the land is Presidential consent.
WPB is the first step towards changing the draconian rape and adultery laws, which were implemented by the President Zia-ul-Haq. The present Musharraf government has fought very hard to get these changes through and to make these amendments possible. This is not to suggest that these amendments are in anyway adequate or enough, however, they are the first step. WPB has been severely compromised by the pressure from MMA. They were some changes suggested by them, which have been incorporated in the Bil (text of changes available courtesy of eteraz.org). However, the entire text of the Bill still remains unavailable; therefore, it is very difficult to comment on the same with any certainty.
Ali Eteraz does offer some analysis on WPB and the issues with the same:
“Rape is now tried under the secular penal code, and the Sharia courts do not have jurisdiction over rape/rape-allegations.
This means that rape does not have to be proven by four witnesses (it can now be proven by circumstantial, even DNA evidence). The part on rape is the biggest victory of this bill. Rape has been totally separated from adultery or any other crimes of chastity.
Non-rape extra-and-pre-marital sex acts are still tried by the Sharia courts.
However, “lewdness” (a new offense which includes both adultery and pre-marital sex) will be tried by the secular courts.Yes, that means that two different court systems will have power over adultery and pre-marital sex: adultery/fornication matrix for Shariah courts; lewdness matrix for secular courts.
Those two courts systems will fight over it, and I have no idea how they determine who gets to try them. That is actually the million dollar question. My lawyer friend suggests that it is a judge which determines the jurisdiction. Question is: is that a Sharia judge or a secular judge?�
The analysis further suggests that the matter would fall within the jurisdiction of Shariah court because of the Article 203D and 203DD (which describes the power of Shariah Court). This may not be necessarily true, and these questions of procedural and interpretation of law would only become clear with the passage of time and development of case law under the amended law.
However, it needs to be noted that most of the analysis is based on hearsay and is based on assertions and presumptions from other sources. Nonetheless, the analysis offered does deal with some of the legal and constitutional issues that may/will arise in respect of WPB. The limited text, which is available on Eteraz and the commentary in the newspapers all suggests that even at its best WPB, is extremely vague and there are various ambiguities and loopholes in the same. Any detailed and concrete analysis of legal issues would have to wait until the availability of the draft legislation.
Nevertheless, it would not be wrong to say that the Presidential consent would not be the end of WPB both politically and legally. Politically there is the dilemma of threat by MMA of resigning from the National Assembly. Legally there are issues of constitutional law as well as procedural law attached with this legislation. In context of legal issues, this matter will only be conclusively decided either by the decision of the Supreme Court of Pakistan or by further amendments to the legislation.
Umera Ali is a lawyer and blogs at Pointless Conundrum.
Does anyone know if the Hasba Bill from NWFP has any SPECIFIC (not implied) provisions regarding women and women rights?
Mariam,
To reinforce what you are saying, the other day I heard a Pakistani-American say on TV “I would rather be a Muslim living in the US than be a non-Muslim living in Pakistan.” That statement, I think, describes in a nutshell the difference between two societies.
Mariam, I can’t bet because my religion doesn’t allow me but I have same feeling as yours. Family of my women/girls have equal rights as me or any other guy.
I have no personal issue with you. I don’t pick you, I criticize ignorance by others as well like Khan Saib,hamdani etc etc. It’s not my fault if you don’t follow *shrug*.
[quote post=”437″]BTW three months out of a year I live in Karachi among you.[/quote]
So? it means you are a champ which can absorb every bit of change in the city? is it not like I claim I know saudi culture because I was over theore twice for umrah purpose?
Adnan,
Don’t bet on it. I do have more rights than my birth place can ever give me.
Since you able to change the subject as usual so can you tell me. Why are you always picking on me? This blog is run by Expats but I never see you say anything to them even when they criticize Pakistani attitudes. BTW three months out of a year I live in Karachi among you.
Mariam which truth? that you don’t have guts to point out evils of your society which is laballed as a “FREE for everyone” and everyone practise freedom of speech or muslim are ignorant enough that they prefer to offend their own religion rather pointing out negatives of society which they worship like a god?